Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases,etiology and treatment

Posted on 07 November 2011

What is Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular diseases

 Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death all around the world.Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders related to the heart and the vascular system. However, some cardiovascular diseases like congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart valve diseases, rheumatic disease, etc., are not caused due to diet and lifestyle but a majority of the cardiovascular diseases like coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, heart attack and stroke are directly related to hardening and narrowing of arteries (atherosclerosis) and are directly affected by diet and lifestyle.

Healthy arteries are elastic, strong and flexible so that they can easily withstand the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries by the blood. Hardening of the arteries causes the increased blood pressure on the walls of the blood vessels. Further, the narrowing of the arteries is caused due to build-up of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries forming plaque, which can sometimes break and block the blood vessels. The overall effect of the hardening and narrowing of the arteries results in restricted blood flow and obstructing the blood flow to heart and brain. Cardiovascular diseases are brought on by numerous factors such as high blood pressure, high bad cholesterol, obesity, stress, and lack of exercise and are one of the leading causes of death. According to the statistics, over 1 million people died of complications brought on by the disease in 1999 alone.

The most important and main cause of cardiovascular disease is build up of fatty deposits in the inner wall of blood vessels that causes blockage, obstructing the blood flow to go to the heart or to the brain leading to either heart failure or stroke. The major reasons of cardiovascular disease are chewing tobacco, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. An early form of fatty deposits (fatty streaks) are found in younger children which worsen as the person gets older.

Cardiovascular diseases treatment

There are four general categories of prescription medications used in Cardiovascular diseases treatment involving statins, bile acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, nicotinic acid (prescription strength niacin), and fibrates. These categories of drugs are available in form ofcardiovascular diseases pills

Nicotinic acid is considered as the most effective of the group, but can damage the liver and has other unpleasant side effects. Bile acid sequestrants bind to cholesterol containing bile acids in the intestines, which are then sent out of the body by way of stool but they also cause severe and intolerable diarrhea. Chelation therapy was introduced into the U.S. in 1948 and is well recognized by medical authorities all around the world. The therapy has been administered to over 500,000 Americans and over one million Canadians, Europeans, Australians, and South Americans who suffer from hardening of the arteries. The two time Nobel Prize winner scientist, Dr. Linus Pawing described the usefulness of EDTA Chelation in reducing and preventing hardening of the arteries (Arteriosclerotic plaque) thus improving blood flow to the heart and other organs.

There are prescription medications to lower bad LDL cholesterol (statin drugs); daily dose aspirin to thin blood, reduce blood clots, and inhibit platelet aggregation; beta blockers to reduce blood pressure, slow irregular heart rhythms, relax the heart muscle, and reduce the hearts demand for oxygen; nitroglycerine to relieve pain and open narrowed arteries; calcium channel blockers designed to increase blood flow to the heart; and ACE inhibitors working similarly to beta blockers by lowering blood pressure. Surgical and invasive procedures for Cardiovascular diseases treatmentinclude catheter assisted procedures, angioplasty and stents, and coronary artery bypass surgery.

According to health experts, smoking combined with high cholesterol levels increases the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases by 350 %. Junk foods, animal products and dairy products are high in cholesterol, saturated fats and Tran’s fats and tend to increase your LDL cholesterol levels, putting you at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. With increased cholesterol levels, the development of plaque is enhanced which will then clog the inner linings of your arteries leading to a heart attack or a stroke.

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Definition of hypertension-high blood pressure

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Hypertension

Definition of hypertension-high blood pressure

Posted on 11 October 2011

Definition of hypertensionDefinition of hypertension-high blood pressure

Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure.Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow inside your arteries. The additional blood your heart pumps as well as the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure. Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers — for instance, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or each of these numbers may be too high.The leading number is known as the systolic blood pressure, and also the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure.Normal blood pressure is when your blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time.High blood pressure (hypertension) is when your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time.If your blood pressure numbers are 120/80 or greater, but below 140/90, it truly is referred to as pre-hypertension.When you have pre-hypertension, you’re extra most likely to develop high blood pressure.
For those who have heart or kidney difficulties, or should you had a stroke, your doctor may want your blood pressure to be even lower than that of individuals who do not have these conditions.
You’ll be able to have high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without having any symptoms. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your threat of significant well being complications, including heart attack and stroke.High blood pressure ordinarily develops over several years, and it affects nearly every person ultimately. Thankfully, high blood pressure can be very easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you are able to function together with your physician to manage it.

High Blood Pressure Symptoms

The only approach to find out when you have high blood pressure is usually to get your blood pressure checked on a standard basis. This is particularly significant if you have a close relative who has high blood pressure.
If your blood pressure is very high, there may possibly be particular symptoms to look out for, including:
Severe headache
Fatigue or confusion
Vision issues
Chest discomfort
Difficulty breathing
Irregular heartbeat
Blood in the urine
Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears
If you have any of these symptoms, see a physician instantly. You could be getting a hypertensive crisis that could lead to a heart attack or stroke.

Hypertension: Treatment – Medications

ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors aid relax blood vessels. ACE inhibitors avoid an enzyme within your body from producing angiotensin II, a substance inside your body that affects your cardiovascular program by narrowing your blood vessels and releasing hormones which can raise your blood pressure. This narrowing can cause high blood pressure and force your heart to function tougher.)
  • Vasotec (enalapril)
  • Prinivil, Zestril (lisinopril)
  • Lotensin (benazepril)
  • Monopril (fosinopril)
  • Altace (ramipril)
  • Accupril (quinapril)
  • Aceon (perindopril)
  • Mavik (trandolapril)
  • Univasc (moexipril)
  • Capoten (captopril)
  • Benazepril (Lotensin)
  • Captopril
  • Enalapril (Vasotec)
  • Fosinopril
  • Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
  • Moexipril (Univasc)
  • Perindopril (Aceon)
  • Quinapril (Accupril)
  • Ramipril (Altace)
  • Trandolapril (Mavik)

Uses for ACE inhibitors

Often doctors prescribe ACE inhibitors to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in conditions such as:

  • High blood pressure
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Heart failure
  • Diabetes
  • Certain chronic kidney diseases
  • Heart attacks
  • Scleroderma
  • Migraines

ACE inhibitors side effects and cautions

Possible ACE inhibitor side effects include:

  • Dry cough
  • Increased blood-potassium level (hyperkalemia)
  • Fatigue
  • Rash
  • Dizziness
  • Headaches
  • Sleep problems
  • Rapid heartbeat
Treatment With Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Angiotensin II receptor blockers help relax your blood vessels, which lowers your blood pressure and makes it a lot easier for your heart to pump blood.Angiotensin II can be a natural substance inside your body that affects your cardiovascular program in quite a few ways, including by narrowing your blood vessels.
  • Avapro (irbesartan)
  • Benicar (olmesartan)
  • Cozaar (losartan)
  • Diovan (valsartan)
  • Micardis (telmisartan)
  • Teveten (eprosartan)
  • Candesartan (Atacand)
  • Eprosartan (Teveten)
  • Irbesartan (Avapro)
  • Losartan (Cozaar)
  • Olmesartan (Benicar)
  • Telmisartan (Micardis)
  • Valsartan (Diovan)
  • Atacand (candesartan)

Uses for angiotensin II receptor blockers

Doctors prescribe angiotensin II receptor blockers drugs to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in a variety of conditions, such as:

  • High blood pressure
  • Heart failure
  • Kidney failure in diabetes
  • Chronic kidney diseases
  • Hardening and thickening of the skin (scleroderma)

Side effects and cautions

Few people have side effects when taking angiotensin II receptor blockers, but possible side effects may include:

  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Lightheadedness
  • Nasal congestion
  • Back and leg pain
  • Diarrhea

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